By contrast, in the US and EU, both state and private companies face much higher hurdles, designed to safeguard privacy. The French constitutional court, for example, set strict limits on the use of national IDs for law enforcement and the UK abandoned its national ID card programme partly due to privacy concerns. In the US, a lawsuit led Google to change the way it accesses emails. The company also faced a $22.5m fine in 2012 for violating the privacy of Apple users.

　　相比之下，在美国和欧盟(EU)，无论是政府还是私人企业都面临着大得多的障碍——设置这些障碍的目的就是保护隐私。比如，法国宪法法院对执法中使用国民身份证的情况有严格限制措施，而英国之所以放弃了国民身份证项目，部分原因是出于隐私考虑。在美国，一起诉讼导致谷歌(Google)修改谷歌邮箱登录方式。该公司在2012年还因为侵犯苹果(Apple)用户的隐私被罚款2250万美元。

　　Even putting aside principled arguments, there are clear dangers inherent in lax privacy and data protection laws in some emerging markets. One is the risk that reams of personal data are compromised through leaks. The collection of more information increases both the likelihood and cost of a hack. Meanwhile for western technology companies, the different regulatory regimes create an uneven playing field.

　　即使把原则性的争论放在一边，一些新兴市场松懈的隐私和数据保护法律会带来明显的危险。其一是大量个人数据可能因为泄露而受损害。收集的信息越多，被黑客入侵的可能性和由此导致的代价就越大。同时，对西方科技公司而言，监管制度的差异制造了不公平的竞争环境。